A critical look at outcome measures: Comparison between four dental research journals by use of a hierarchical model.

AIM: To assess the status quo of outcome measures used in treatment studies in Endodontics, and potentially identify strategies for improvement, by (i) systematically assessing the outcome measures using a conceptual model and (ii) comparing these with measures used in corresponding studies in the adjacent fields. METHODOLOGY: The International Endodontic Journal, Caries Research, The Journal of Clinical Periodontology and The Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache were selected to cover four adjacent dental disciplines. In each journal, the 50 most recent consecutive publications fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. A hierarchical model for diagnostic imaging studies was modified to assess studies related to treatment. The model comprised six levels, with technical as the lowest level and societal as the highest. Extracted data included study origin, study type, and identified outcome measures. Fisher's Exact Tests with Bonferroni corrections compared studies. p < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Amongst 756 publications, the 200 most recent studies matching the inclusion criteria were identified. Less than half (36.5%) assessed the clinical, patient, or societal aspects of treatment; 10.0% in International Endodontic Journal, 28.0% in Caries Research, 38.0% in Journal of Clinical Periodontology, and 70.0% in Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: According to included publications, research on treatment within the endodontic field is mainly focusing on technical and biological outcomes. The benefits of patients and society were less frequently examined than in corresponding journals in adjacent disciplines. When designing studies, including higher-level outcomes should be considered.

Leadership through a gender lens: Disparities in Dental Research.

This study aimed to analyze the 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry, with a focus on female leadership in dental research. Papers were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS- CC) in the category 'Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine'. Gender was assessed through WoS-CC, Scopus, ResearchGate, social media, institutional websites, and software that assigns gender according to first names (https://genderapi.io). Characteristics of authors in leadership roles were retrieved, such as affiliation, publication history, citations, H factor, and i500. The 100 most-cited papers in Dentistry were authored by 394 researchers, 326 (82.7%) men, and 68 (17.3%) women - there were 4.8 male authors for each female. Among the lead authors, there were 11.3 males for each female. Among female senior authors, there were 7 males for each female. Among lead/senior authors of the 100 most-cited papers (first and last authors, respectively), 18 were women. There was an increase in the participation of women in the top cited papers regardless of authorship role across the six decades, with a peak of two female authors in the first decade of the 21st century. For female authors in leadership roles, their publication history shows the time between their first and last papers in WoS-CC ranged from 4 to 42 years for lead authors and 1 to 39 years for senior authors. Women were found to be largely underrepresented as leaders of the 100 most-cited papers, highlighting pervasive gender inequalities in dental research publications.

Optimizing the use of low-frequency ultrasound for bacterial detachment of in vivo biofilms in dental research-a methodological study.

OBJECTIVES: Low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound is commonly utilized in various dental research fields to remove biofilms from surfaces, but no clear recommendation exists in dental studies so far. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the sonication procedure for the dental field to efficiently detach bacteria while preserving viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initial biofilm was formed in vivo on bovine enamel slabs (n = 6) which were worn by four healthy participants for 4 h and 24 h. The enamel slabs covered with biofilm were then ultrasonicated ex vivo for various time periods (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 min). Colony-forming units were determined for quantification, and bacteria were identified using MALDI-TOF. Scanning electron microscopic images were taken to also examine the efficiency of ultrasonications for different time periods. RESULTS: Ultrasonication for 1 min resulted in the highest bacterial counts, with at least 4.5-fold number compared to the non-sonicated control (p < 0.05). Most bacteria were detached within the first 2 min of sonication, but there were still bacteria detached afterwards, although significantly fewer (p < 0.0001). The highest bacterial diversity was observed after 1 and 2 min of sonication (p < 0.03). Longer sonication periods negatively affected bacterial counts of anaerobes, Gram-negative bacteria, and bacilli. Scanning electron microscopic images demonstrated the ability of ultrasound to desorb microorganisms, as well as revealing cell damage and remaining bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: With the use of low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound, significantly higher bacterial counts and diversity can be reached. A shorter sonication time of 1 min shows the best results overall. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This standardization is recommended to study initial oral biofilms aged up to 24 h to maximize the outcome of experiments and lead to better comparability of studies.

Homenagem ao Prof. Dr. Learreta / Tribute to Prof. Dr. Learreta / Homenaje al Prof. Dr. Learreta

Preito de gratidão ao Professor Dr. Jorge Alfonso Learreta. Nascido em Buenos Aires, Argentina, em 11/12/1949. Cursou Odontologia aos 17 anos. Seus conhecimentos em Histologia o fez ganhar uma bolsa de estudos para a França. Aqui estudou com cirurgiões renomados e voltou para Argentina. Especializou-se em Ortodontia e Ortopedia funcional em 1971. Tinha uma ampla rede de amigos e mestres em diversas partes do mundo. Começou a investir em tecnologia para estudar a ATM no início dos anos 90. Especializou-se em estudo das imagens e já em 1994, possuía casos com RNM antes e depois dos tratamentos, algo que veio a se tornar o padrão-ouro da sua filosofia. Homem estudioso, conhecedor de vasta literatura e de inteligência indescritível com grande poder de observação e raciocínio, vivenciou diversos problemas na Odontologia com soluções simples e geniais. O prof. Learreta é a definição de uma pessoa a frente de seu tempo que deixa um legado na odontologia da dor orofacial e seus ensinamentos foram além da neurofisiologia da ATM.

I offer gratitude to Professor Dr. Jorge Alfonso Learreta. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 12/11/1949. He studied Dentistry at the age of 17. His knowledge in Histology earned him a scholarship to France. Here he studied with renowned surgeons and returned to Argentina. He specialized in Orthodontics and Functional Orthopedics in 1971. He had a wide network of friends and teachers in different parts of the world. He began investing in technology to study the TMJ in the early 90s. He specialized in studying images and in 1994, he had cases with MRI before and after treatments, something that became the gold standard of his philosophy . A studious man, knowledgeable about vast literature and indescribable intelligence with great power of observation and reasoning, he experienced several problems in Dentistry with simple and ingenious solutions. The prof. Learreta is the definition of a person ahead of his time who leaves a legacy in orofacial pain dentistry and his teachings went beyond the neurophysiology of TMJ.

Ofrezco agradecimiento al Profesor Dr. Jorge Alfonso Learreta. Nacido en Buenos Aires, Argentina, el 11/12/1949. Estudió Odontología a los 17 años. Sus conocimientos en Histología le valieron una beca para Francia. Aquí estudió con reconocidos cirujanos y regresó a la Argentina. Se especializó en Ortodoncia y Ortopedia Funcional en 1971. Contaba con una amplia red de amigos y profesores en diferentes partes del mundo. Comenzó a invertir en tecnología para estudiar la ATM a principios de los 90. Se especializó en el estudio de imágenes y en 1994 tuvo casos con resonancia magnética antes y después de los tratamientos, algo que se convirtió en el estándar de oro de su filosofía. Hombre estudioso, conocedor de vasta literatura e inteligencia indescriptible con gran poder de observación y razonamiento, experimentó varios problemas en Odontología con soluciones simples e ingeniosas. El prof. Learreta es la definición de una persona adelantada a su tiempo que deja un legado en la odontología del dolor orofacial y sus enseñanzas fueron más allá de la neurofisiología de la ATM.

Characteristics of dentists in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

OBJECTIVES: Our aims are to describe the characteristics of dentists, members of the US National Dental practice-based research network (PBRN) in the United States, and determine how often these dentists provide specific dental procedures. METHODS: Dentists completed a questionnaire when they enrolled in the Network about their demographic and training characteristics and characteristics of their practices and patients. Dentists also reported the frequency of providing specific dental procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Of 4,483 dentists in active clinical practice, 34% identified as females, 70% as white, and 73% as general dentists. Most dentists practiced in large metropolitan areas (87%) and in solo or small practices (72%). On average, they reported about one-half of their patients were children or older adults, a third were from historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, and one-quarter were covered by public insurance. Most dentists routinely performed restorations and fixed prosthetics (78%), extractions (59%), removable (44%) and implant (40%) prosthetics, and endodontics on incisor and premolar teeth (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Dentists participating in the National Dental PBRN have much in common with dentists at large. The network has a broad representation of dentists, practice types, patient populations, and treatments offered, including diversity regarding race/ethnicity, gender, insurance, and geography of its practitioners and patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Characteristics of National Dental PBRN dentists suggest that a broad range of dentists is interested in participating in national-level research studies, thereby enabling an array of clinical study settings and topics that can optimize the generalizability of study findings.

Effect of oral exposure on chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphologic properties of clear orthodontic aligners

The dental industry is heavily committed to developing more esthetic solutions for orthodontic treatments. Invisalign is a system of transparent orthodontic aligners introduced as an alternative to conventional orthodontic fittings with brackets and metal wires. This study aimed to assess the chemical, physical, mechanical and morphologic changes in these polymeric aligners after exposure to the oral environment. Twenty-four Invisalign orthodontic aligners were equally divided into 2 groups: an in vivo aged group in which patients used aligners for 14 days and the reference group, unexposed to the oral environment. Different experimental techniques were used to study the chemical structure, the color changes and translucency, the density and subsequent volume of the aligners, mechanical properties, surface roughness, morphology and elemental composition. The data were subjected to several statistical analyses. Clear orthodontic aligners exhibit chemical stability but undergo a statistically significant optical change in color and translucency. There was a gradual increase in the water absorption rate and the dimensional variation of the polymer, indicating a strong correlation among these factors. The mechanical properties of the polymer showed a statistically significant decrease in its elastic modulus and hardness. There was a slight tendency toward increased surface roughness of the material, but no statistical differences were found between reference and aged groups. The surface morphology of the used aligners demonstrates microcracks, distortions and biofilm formation. Intraoral aging adversely affected the physical, mechanical, and morphologic properties of the Invisalign appliance.

Applications for oral research in microgravity - lessons learned from burning mouth syndrome and ageing studies.

The negative consequences of microgravity for the human body are central aspects of space travel that raise health problems. Altered functions of the same systems and treatment options are common points of spaceflight physiology, age-related diseases, and oral medicine. This work emphasizes the convergence of knowledge between pathophysiological changes brought on by aging, physiological reactions to microgravity exposure, and non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment methods that can be used in spaceflight. Sarcopenia, peripheral nerves alterations, neuromotor plaque in the masticatory muscles, lingual, labial, and buccal weakness, nociplastic pain in oral mucosal diseases, and microgravity, as well as soft tissue changes and pathologies related to chewing and swallowing, corticomotor neuroplasticity of tongue, and swallowing biomechanics, are of particular interest to us. Neurologic disease and other pathologies such as recovery from post-stroke dysphagia, nociplastic pain in glossodynia, sleep bruxism, and obstructive sleep apnea have been studied and, in some cases, successfully treated with non-invasive direct and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods in recent decades. An interdisciplinary team from medical specialties, engineering, and biophysics propose an exploratory study based on the parallelism of ageing and space physiology, along with experiment scenarios considering TMS and non-invasive direct methods.

A qualitative insight into researchers' perceptions of gender inequality in medical and dental research institutions in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to gain a qualitative insight into scientific researchers' perceptions of gender inequality inside Nigerian research institutions through an investigation of how gender equality is enacted in medical and dental research institutions in Nigeria. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional qualitative study probed decision-making around navigating gender inequity and explored opinions about how a supportive environment for female medical and dental researchers could be established. Data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews with 54 scientific researchers across 17 medical and dental academic institutions in Nigeria between March and July 2022. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three core themes emerged: institutionalized male dominance in research institutions; changing narratives on gender equalities in research and academic enterprise; and women driving the conscience for change in research institutions. Female medical and dental researchers' perceived gender equality was challenging mainstream androcentric values in knowledge production within the medical and dental field; and queries the entrenchment of patriarchal values that promote a low number of female medical and dental trainees, fewer female research outputs, and few women in senior/managerial positions in the medical fields. CONCLUSION: Despite the general view that change is occurring, a great deal remains to be done to facilitate the creation of a supportive environment for female medical and dental researchers in Nigeria.

An Overview of Time-to-Event Analysis in Dental Research.

Time-to-event (survival) analysis is an integral tool in the wheelhouse of the dental researcher. While there are many references available for the study of time-to-event analysis, they tend to be written for audiences trained in statistical methodology. Moreover, the canonical examples offered by most time-to-event analysis references are focused on outcomes that do not translate directly to dentistry. This article provides a tutorial of time-to-event analysis for the specific context of dental research. Our tutorial assumes no statistical training or computing experience. Using real data from a dental study as our extended example, we explain foundational concepts, including median survival, Nth-year survival, the log-rank test, and the Cox model.

Construção de saberes mediada pela monitoria acadêmica: uma experiência de aprendizado / Construcción del conocimiento mediada por la tutoría académica: una experiencia de aprendizaje / Knowledge construction mediated by academic mentoring: alearning experience

Este artigo relata a experiência da monitoria acadêmica vinculada à atividade de ensino curricular de Introdução à Metodologia Científica do curso de graduação em Odontologia, em uma Universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. Traz a percepção de estudantes-monitores, modalidade presencial e remota, no período de 2021-2022. A atividade acontece no primeiro ano do curso, pretende tornar o estudante apto a ler criticamente artigos científicos, reconhecer etapas do método científico e elaborar projetos de pesquisa. O contexto pandêmicodo ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) trouxe a necessidade de adaptação das atividades de ensino e de monitoria, as quais passaram a ser síncronas-assíncronas, mediadas por tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Foi um período em que o papel pedagógico dosmonitores ganhou destaque, considerando a necessidade de promover a interação, despertar o interesse e estimular a participação dos estudantes nas atividades remotas propostas. Os monitores atuaram de modo articulado, reorganizando o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle, acompanhando/participando das atividades, esclarecendo dúvidas e orientando os estudantes, em diálogo constante com os professores. Após capacitação e com supervisão docente, os monitores contribuíram na avaliação dos projetos de pesquisa. No retorno às atividades presenciais, os monitores apoiaram os professores na elaboração do plano de ensino, agregando estratégias pedagógicas constituídas no ERE. Atuar na monitoria acadêmica possibilitou, ao estudante-monitor, crescimento acadêmico-pessoal e experienciar à docência, aproximando-o da pesquisa científica e do aprendizado interativo-colaborativo. Competências de comunicação, resolução de problemas e didático-pedagógicas foram percebidas pelos monitores. Há o desafio permanente de conciliar a vida acadêmica-pessoal às atribuições da monitoria (AU).

Este artículo relata la experiencia de tutoría académica en la actividad de enseñanza curricular de Introducción a la Metodología Científica del curso de Odontología en una universidad pública del Sur de Brasil. Trae percepción de estudiantes-tutores, modalidad presencial y remota, en el período de 2021-2022. La actividad ocurre en primer año del curso, pretende que el estudiante sea capaz de leer críticamente artículos científicos, reconocer etapas del método científico y elaborar proyectos de investigación. El contexto pandémico de enseñanza remota de emergencia (ERE) trajo necesidad de adaptación de enseñanza y de tutoría, las cuales pasaron a ser sincrónicas-asincrónicas, mediadas por tecnologías de información y comunicación. Fue un período que el papel pedagógico de los tutores cobró importancia, considerando la necesidad de promover interacción, despertar interés y estimular participación de los estudiantes en actividades propuestas. Los tutores actuaron de manera articulada, reorganizando el ambiente virtual de aprendizaje Moodle, acompañando/participando de actividades, aclarando dudas y orientando a los estudiantes, en diálogo constante con los maestros. Después de la capacitación y con supervisión docente, los tutores contribuyeron en evaluación de los proyectos de investigación. Volviendo a actividades presenciales, los tutores apoyaron a los maestros en elaboración del plan de enseñanza, agregando estrategias pedagógicas constituidas en ERE. Actuar en tutoría académica posibilitó, al estudiante-monitor, crecimiento académico-personal y experimentar la docencia, acercándolo de investigación científica y de aprendizaje interactivo-colaborativo. Competencias de comunicación, resolución de problemas y didáctico-pedagógicas fueron percibidas por los tutores. Hay el desafío permanente de conciliar la vida académica-personal a las atribuciones de tutoría (AU).

This article reports on an experience of academic mentoring in the curricular teaching activity of Introduction to Scientific Methodology, which is part of the undergraduate Dentistry course offered at a public university located in the South of Brazil. Itpresents the perception of students-mentors, in both the in-person and remote modalities, in the period 2021-2022. The activity takes place in the first year of the course and aims to enable students to read scientific articles critically, recognize the stages of the scientific method, and develop research projects. The pandemic context of emergency remote teaching (ERT) brought the need to adapt teaching and mentoring activities, which became synchronous-asynchronous, mediated by information and communication technologies. In this period, the pedagogical role of mentors gained prominence in view of the need to promote interaction, arouse interest, and stimulate student participation in the proposed remote activities. The mentors acted in a coordinated way,reorganizing the Moodle virtual learning environment, monitoring/participating in activities, answering questions and guiding students, in constant dialog with the teachers. After training and with teacher supervision, the mentors contributed to the assessment of research projects. Upon returning to in-person activities, the mentors supported teachers in developing the teaching plan, adding pedagogical strategies established in ERT. Academic mentoring enabled the student-mentor to experience academic-personal growth, teaching, scientific research, and interactive-collaborative learning, and to perceive communication, problem-solving, and didactic-pedagogical skills. Balancing academic-personal life with mentoring responsibilities is a constant challenge (AU).

Análise do financiamento de pesquisas em Endodontia apresentadas nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica: revisão bibliométrica / Análisis de financiamiento para investigaciones en Endodoncia presentado en las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Brasileña de Investigaciones Dentales: revisión bibliométrica / Analysis of research funding in Endodontics presented at the annual meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research: bibliometric review

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica em Endodontia apresentada nas reuniões anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO), avaliando suas principais fontes de financiamento. Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo analisando os resumos publicados nos anais da SBPqO em um período de 10 anos (2011 a 2021), em todas as categorias. Para a coleta de dados foramutilizadas as palavras-chave "Endodontia", "canal radicular", "tratamento endodôntico", "forame apical" e "polpa dental". A extração dos dados foi realizada por dois avaliadores independentes, que identificaram 2534resumos. Com relação à distribuição de financiamento,foi possível observar que 33,93 % (n=860) dos estudos foram financiados. Dentre as agências de fomento que mais financiaram foram a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) (n=211; 24,53%) e o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (n=163; 18,95%), que são instituições de financiamento nacionais. Ao analisar a distribuição geográfica dos financiamentos observou-se que o Sudeste deteve 72,45% (n=270), sendo o estado de São Paulo o que mais recebeu incentivo (56,68%, n=211). Aregião Norte foi a que recebeu menor número de financiamentos. Na análise proporcional (quantidade de trabalhos financiados e presença de Programas de Pós-graduação em Odontologia por região), o Sudeste apresentou 3,87 financiamentos por programa . Durante a década avaliada, as pesquisas na área de Endodontia apresentadas na SBPqO aumentaram até 2018 e, em seguida, decresceram. A maioria das pesquisas se concentrou na área temática de materiais endodônticos (AU).

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en Endodoncia presentada en las reuniones anuales de la Sociedad Brasileña de Investigación Dental (SBPqO), evaluando sus principales fuentes de financiación. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo analizando los resúmenes publicados en los anales de la SBPqO durante un período de 10 años (2011 a 2021), en todas las categorías. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron las palabras clave "Endodoncia", "endodoncia", "tratamiento endodóntico", "foramen apical" y "pulpa dental". La extracción de datos fue realizada por dos evaluadores independientes, que identificaron 2534 resúmenes. En cuanto a la distribución del financiamiento, se pudo observar que el 33,93% (n=860) de los estudios fueron financiados. Entre las entidades financiadoras que aportaron mayor financiamiento se encuentran la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) (n=211; 24,53%) y el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) (n=163; 18, 95 %), que son instituciones financieras nacionales. Al analizar la distribución geográfica del financiamiento, se observó que el Sudeste poseía el 72,45%(n=207), siendo el estado de São Paulo el que recibió más incentivos (56,68%, n=211). La región Norte recibió el menor número de financiamiento. En el análisis proporcional (número de trabajos financiados y presencia de Programas de Postgrado en Odontología por región), el Sudeste presentó 3,87 financiamientos por programa. Durante la década evaluada, las investigaciones en el área de Endodoncia presentadas en la SBPqO aumentaron hasta 2018 y luego disminuyeron. La mayoría de las investigaciones se han centrado en el área temática de los materiales endodónticos (AU).

The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production in Endodontics presented at the annual meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research (SBPqO) evaluating its main sources of funding. A retrospective observational study was carried out analyzing abstracts published in the SBPqO proceedings in all categories, over a period of 10 years (2011 to 2021). For data collection, the keywords "Endodontics," "root canal," "endodontic treatment," "apical foramen," and "dental pulp" were used. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers who identified 2534 abstracts. Regarding the distribution of funding, it was observed that 33.93% (n=860) of the studies were funded. Among the funding agencies, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) (n=211; 24.53%) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (n=163; 18.95%) were the ones that provided the mostfunding, both being national funding institutions. When analyzing the geographical distribution of funding, the Southeast region accounted for 72.45% (n=270), with the state of São Paulo receiving the most support (56.68%, n=211). The North region received the lowest amount of funding. In the proportional analysis (number of funded studies and the presence of Postgraduate Programs in Dentistry by region), the Southeast presented 3.87 fundings per program. throughout the evaluated decade, research in the field of Endodontics presented at SBPqO increased until 2018 and then decreased. Most of the research focused on the thematic area of endodontic materials (AU).

A Snapshot on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident Scholarly Activity: Can We Do Better?

BACKGROUND: The Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) requires oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents to engage in scholarly activity. Currently, it is unknown how this mandate translates into research output. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the research output of OMS residents. In addition, we sought to identify characteristics associated with resident productivity. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study of all OMS residents during the 2021-2022 academic year. Attempts were made to obtain resident rosters from every CODA-accredited OMS program. Resident names were searched in PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) to identify peer-reviewed publications. Postgraduate year (PGY), program name, and total publication count during residency were recorded for each resident. Academic status and fellowship affiliation of the residency program were also included. PREDICTOR/EXPOSURE/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The primary predictor was PGY level of each resident. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The main outcome variable was the publication count of each OMS resident during the 2021-2022 academic year. COVARIATES: The covariates were the academic status and the fellowship affiliation of the residency program. A program was determined academic if they were associated with a dental or medical school. A program was determined fellowship associated if they had any CODA approved fellowship. ANALYSES: Simple bivariate comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Complete resident rosters were identified for 87 residency programs. One thousand one hundred thirty two residents were queried and a total of 548 peer-reviewed publications were identified. There was a mean of 6.30 publications per program and 0.43 publications per resident. More than half of all residents had no identifiable publication. PGY5 residents averaged the most publications per resident (1.45) followed by PGY6 (1.04) and PGY4 (0.63). Academic programs had significantly more publications per resident than nonacademic programs (median of 3.00 vs 0.00, P = .02). Programs with a fellowship association also had more publications per resident (median of 5.00 vs 2.00, P < .01). CONCLUSION: Current CODA research requirements do not translate into resident publications. Publication counts appeared to slightly increase with PGY level; however, OMS resident productivity still lags far behind that of other surgical subspecialties.